Quantitative Methods Portfolio Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Quantitative Methods Portfolio - Assignment Example Quantitative research studies involve collection of data from a given sample. The data is usually numerical or one that can be coded (Myers, Well, & Lorch, 2010). Quantitative research approach uses either primary or secondary data. Primary data is obtained from participants through interviews, questionnaires, and observations whereas the secondary data is obtained from secondary sources such as journal articles, websites, and books (Pedhazur & Schmelkin, 2013). This research will employ questionnaires to collect primary data for the purposes of achieving its main aim. There are different statistical applications or techniques for analyzing numerical data. SPSS is one of the statistical applications used in conducting data analysis. SPSS is a software package that analyzes different numerical data (Miller & Acton, 2009). SPSS is useful in predicting with confidence what is likely to happen based on the numerical information collected (Mitchell & Jolley, 2012). This research study wil l employ SPSS to analyze the numerical data with an aim of understanding and predicting the perceptions and behaviors of tourists. In doing SPSS, there is need to code the primary data especially in cases where the data provided options that are qualitative (Myers, Well, & Lorch, 2010). ... Frequency also refers to the number of times a given question is answered (Creswell, 2013). In this research study, the SPSS software will be used in obtaining the number of responses to a given question. For instance, if a question asks for a â€Å"yes† or â€Å"no† answers, the frequency will identify how many respondents agree with the question as opposed to the number of respondents that disagree with the question (Myers, Well, & Lorch, 2010). Frequency in this study will be used to understand the perceptions of tourists. The other concept is cross tabulation. Cross tabulation is a statistical process that aims at providing a summary of a given set of data or results; hence, developing a contingency table (Miller & Acton, 2009). This study will use cross-tabulation to summarize the frequencies and develop a table for better illustration. Lastly, this study will employ t-test. A t-test is a statistical technique for testing whether the means of two samples are signif icantly different based on the assumption that the sample statistics follow a student’s-t distribution when the hypothesis is tested (Pedhazur & Schmelkin, 2013). In this respect, t-test is used to identify whether samples are different. This study will use the t-test to compare the means of various pairs of the data such as gender versus the income, gender versus the origin, and gender versus age amongst others. List of References Creswell, J. W., 2013, Research design: Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approaches. Sage Publications, Incorporated. Miller, R., & Acton, C., 2009, SPSS for social scientists. Palgrave Macmillan. Mitchell, M. L., & Jolley, J. M., 2012, Research design explained. CengageBrain. com Myers, J. L., Well, A. D., & Lorch, R. F., 2010, Research

Booker T. Washington Essay Example for Free

Booker T. Washington Essay Booker T. Washington was born on plantation in Franklin Country, Virginia, on April 5, 1856. After the Civil War, his families moved to Malden, West Virginia, were Booker T. Washington worked in the coal mines and salt Furnaces, and a house servant. Washington mom and he were determined for him to go to school. During four years, he was a student and attending Hampton Normal and Agricultural Institute of higher learning for Africans American and later became Hampton University. When he was going to school he did not have a last name so he invented the last name of Washington when he was in school and the other children were giving their surnames. After Washington graduated from Hampton Normal, he pursued a career a career as an educator. He was a teacher for two years in Malden and then he furthered his education at Washington D.C Wayland Seminary. Then he accepted a position at Hampton Normal. He was the head of industrial training of 75 Native American. He was named principal of Hampton Normal which later became Tuskegee University. On September 18, 1895, Washington made a historic speech in Atlanta, Georgia. In what was known as the (Atlanta Compromise Speech) Washington encouraged African American to accept lower social status for the time being and to focus instead on advancement through career training, education, and economic independence. Washingtons health began to become worse in his later years as he was traveling and working a lot. He failed while he was in New York City, and he was brought back home to Tuskegee, and he died there on November 14, 1915 when he was 59 years old. The cause of his death was unknown, but it was likely from arteriosclerosis and nervous exhaustion. His body was buried on the campus of Tuskegee University near University Chapel. In March of 2006, looking into his medical records showed that he died from hypertension with blood pressure that was two times higher than a normal blood pressure.

Development of an Electronic Car

Development of an Electronic Car Group number 5 Krunal Pathak C0690657 Jayanth Siripireddy C0684870 Unnati Varma C0689270 Sagar Kaklotar C0686834 Venkateswarlu-C0691743 Vikas Rathod-C0684723 The production and use of traditional gasoline-powered cars have a huge environmental negative impact. The pollutant emissions from our cars contribute to unhealthy air and are the major cause of global warming by trapping solar energy in the atmosphere. In addition, these vehicles affect the environment by creating noise, which can disturb work, relaxing and sleeping. In this context, electric vehicles represent the future they can be powered by electric energy produced from many different sources and dont have a combustion engine that burns gasoline and produces CO2. Tesla Motors company was founded with the mission of accelerating the worlds transition to sustainable energy. The companys main purpose is to prove that electric cars can be better than powered-gasoline cars. Tesla Model-S projects objective is to develop a premium electric sedan vehicle that competes with brands like BWM, Mercedes, and Audi. The Model-S should prove that an electric car can have, at the same time, electric powertrain, attractive design, and high performance. This project follows Tesla Motors business plan to expand downmarket from the high-performance Tesla Roadster sports car. Total project planning will be divided into 9 subsidiary plans, as detailed below. This planning will be initiated on October 24th, 2016, and its expected to finish on March 03rd, 2019. The total budget allocated for covering all planning activities is $ 30,000,000. Â   Â   Â   Tesla model-S Interior 17 inch touch screen is the most attractive feature tesla is including in Model-S car(contract administration build below for the touch screen procurement) CONTRACT SUMMARY: Contract awarded based on the following: Comparison of outsourced cost and in-house course Compulsory requirements Financial documents for vendor Experience and general qualifications Technical qualifications for past performance Quality Cost Vendor ability to provide all items on required date Contract Name Firm Fixed price All the items that are procured for the project will be under FFP (FRIM FIXED PRICE). For each item to be procured concerned person is responsible for making the purchase per the FFP contract type since the manager has a limited budget we are adopting FFP contract type now the seller is responsible for product submission within the limit of time and cost. The manager must ensure the correct scope of product achieved or not. Start and Finish Dates March 2017 to December 2017 Contract Value $1,000,000 Owners / Key Representatives Nominated contact Role Sagar kaklotar Procurement manager Kunal Pathak Project manager Supplier details Infosys Contract Objectives Item/Service Justification Category Needed By Software for 17-inch screen Software needs highly skilled labors, servers, and equipment that we dont have it. Software January 2018 The manager must identify the risk involves in the procurement of the product or service. for each identified risk the manager should make a mitigation plan by taking the expert legal judgment and make a proper documentation of each identified risk add it to risk management log. This project involves multiple contracts so the manager should do check for interdependencies of activities so one risk response plan might not trigger the other risk. Contract and Supplier Management Plan: Contract Name: Firm Fixed price Contract No: 11 Contract Manager: Jayanth Siripereddy Legend: CM Contract Manager PD Procurement Department RM Risk Management Department Con Contractor Pre-Commencement Stage Actions Who Completed Yes No Date Completed Comment 1. Contract Documents Prepare and send letter of acceptance Procurement department yes 17/01/2017 Once the bidder is confirmed send the formal letter of acceptance, and invite them for negotiations. Prepare contract documents and arrange signing and sealing Procurement department yes 20/01/2017 Awarded contract firm fixed price to the Infosys, and explained more about contract and claims Read and understand both specification and terms and conditions of contract Contract manager Yes 22/01/2017 Held a meeting with Infosys business analyst, explained each other term and conditions of contract and project requirements. 2. Transition Plan Prioritize all transition activities and confirm timeframes and milestones with all parties Contract manager Yes 23/01/2017 List of activities and time frames mention in the procurement management plan given to the contractors. Involve and communicate with all relevant parties as per nominated transition activities Contract manager Yes 24/01/2017 Procurement department contract manager, project manager, and Infosys must follow the given communication management plan. 3. Contract Management Plan [CMP] Prepare CMP, sign off and file Contract manager Yes 29/01/2017 Contract management plan prepared by the project manager signed off by the Infosys Inc. 4. Insurance Obtain all required Insurance Certificates. Procurement department Yes 31/01/2017 For the identified risk, insurance obtained from TD bank per the budget. 5. Security / Retention Obtain updated Irrevocable Bank Guarantees for amounts as per tender document Contract manager Yes 02/02/2107 A bank guarantee obtained from the Infosys in the case of irrevocable payment due. Confirm retention amounts and set up in payment schedules Contract manager Yes 04/02/2017 All payment schedules and retention amount details documented in the procurement management plan and signed off by Infosys 6. Key Performance Indicators [KPIs] Develop auditing system using KPIs and measuring matrix Contract manager yes 05/02/2017 Auditing dates are planned and updated to the quality management plan, manager should commence them on date without delay Ensure staff are familiar with system and auditing process Contract Manager Yes 06/02/2017 Auditing date and systems clearly explained to the technical staff working on touch screen activity 7. Risk Assessment Plan Use risk management system to develop a contingency plan based on nominated and other risks Contract Manager/Risk Manager yes 17/02/2017 For all the nominated and identified risks, contingency plan and risk response strategies were prepared and updated the risk management plan. Ex: The main risk for touch screen task is end user bugs, hiring automation tester is the contingency plan for this. 8.Contract Meeting Facilitate a contract management meeting to discuss all pre-commencement requirements Contract Manager/ Business analyst (Infosys) yes 22/02/2017 Facilitated a pre-commencement meeting and handed over all risk, quality, scope and contract document. Future meeting schedule also submitted. Ensured the contract is beginning on time Document all agreed outcomes of the contract management meeting Contract Manager/ Business analyst (Infosys) Yes 26/02/2017 After meeting facilitated on 22nd February BA gone through all the documents Tesla produced and agreed on 26/02/2017. Post Contract Commencement Stage Actions Who Completed Yes No Planned Date Comment 1. Contractor Performance Audit Forward copy of audit results to Contractor and record any non-conformances Contract Manager No 04/04/2017 The audit will be performed by Teslas audit committee to confirm that all the standards procedure agrees on followed and the result of it will be sent to Infosys. Notify Risk Dept. of any breaches and determine appropriate actions Contract Manager/ Risk Management Department No 01/05/2017 During the audit, if any new risk identified or any breach of the agreed terms in contract found, it must be communicated to risk department. Meet with contractor to discuss non-conformances and agree on remedial actions Contract Manager/ Risk Management Department No 04/05/2017 All the deficiencies and defects found must be discussed with Infosys to agree on to fix the issues found in software. 2.Contract Meetings Prepare agenda and forward invitation and agenda to contractor Contract Manager No 06/06/2017 Contract manager should be prepared the agenda of the meeting and must inform Infosys with the invitation. Record minutes of meetings including any subsequent actions to be carried by either party Contract Manager No 26/08/2017 If any actions required by Tesla or Infosys, it should be recorded in the minutes of meetings. Forward copy of minutes of meeting to contractor Contract Manager No 27/08/2017 A copy of minutes of the meeting must be forwarded to Infosys prior of meeting and should one week ahead. 3.Payment Claims Upon receipt of claims ensure that works completed are in accordance with claims. Contract Manager No 31/09/2017 Contract manager will ensure all work completed is either meets contract requirement or not in accordance with the claims of the Infosys Make payment adjustment for defective deliverables Contract Manager No 2/10/2017 As per the quality testing report, the defective screen will be taken into consideration by contract manager before moving further towards financial department procedures Actions Who Completed Yes No Date Completed Comment 4.Performance Auditing Conduct regular contractor performance audits in accordance with specification Contract manager No 5/05/2017 Contract manager will check performance and standards of each product. Record audit results and provide a copy to contractor Contract Manager No 6/05/2017 Recording of audit results to be done in order to keep the results for future reference. As an agenda item for Contract Meetings discuss outcomes and how any under-performances may be improved Contract Manager No 31/05/2017 Meetings discussion will help to improve the quality of product and its performance. Conduct annual review of nominated KPIs with Contractor to ensure continued relevance to the delivery of services including any changes to scope etc. Contract Manager / Contractor No 5/10/2017 It will be useful to keep a record for future procurement that the KPIs for the product is are always matched or implemented without any exclusions. 5.Contract Extensions With service contracts, be aware of nominated notification periods to the contractor as to Councils intentions to extend or not. Contract Manager No 01/12/2017 Contract manager will decide through current report whether to continue with this vendor or not Notify contractor in writing of Councils intention regarding extension Contract Manager No 02/12/2017 As per agreement contract manager will notify to the vendor before 3 months if they require extending procurement. Actions Who Completed Yes No Date Completed Comment 6.Contract Expiry/Transition Out Develop transition out plan in conjunction with contractor Contract Manager / Contractor No 25/12/2017 Teslas contract manager should plan with the involvement of Infosys that how and when the expiration of contract will take place. Conduct contract meeting to consolidate actions, responsibilities, and timeframes Contract Manager / Contractor No 27/12/2017 This meeting will be held by Tesla to combine the actions of Infosys with them before closure of the contract. Take receipt of all intellectual knowledge belonging to Council Contract Manager / Contractor No 28/12/2017 Tesla must be verified that all the intellectual properties of the software must be transferred to them by Infosys as per the contract. Conduct exit audit with outgoing and incoming contractors to identify outstanding work and overall standard of relevant assets Contract Manager / Contractor No 30/12/2017 It is the duty of contract manager to make sure that Infosys finished all the work as per the contract and nothing is outstanding before moving to closure. Negotiate any final payments based on incomplete or sub-standard works Contract Manager / Contractor No 31/12/2017 As per the contract established with Infosys, any work found below standards or incomplete, there will be a deduction in payment. Contract Variation Form Variation number: 1 Date: 01/ 04 /2017 Description of proposed variation and reason: Variation: Tesla motors asked for separate application within the android that could support the 17inch touch screen. For this task, Infosys is awarded FFP contract, now after all negotiation and contracts signed. Now, Tesla proposed the new operating system for the same time and cost instead of the android application. Reason: For the android application, the end user may need extra security to protect the application. It may crash because of malware. Will the variation be at an additional cost to original contract amount? Yes No If yes date quotation for variation is to be received by: 04/04/2017 Contractors Response: Infosys agreed to the change, but the production cost increased as per their quotation. Costings: *Remove whichever does not apply Original contract value $1,000,000 *Time/*Works Variation cost $50,000 Other variation adjustments to cost $30,000 Revised contract Value $1,080,000 Contract Dates: Original Practical Completion 31/12/2017 Additional time required due to variation 4 months New Date of Practical Completion 31/04/2018 Signed on behalf of the Contractor: Date 7/04/2017

Conflict Management Style Essay -- Conflict Management

When considering your conflict management style with others, be it; personal or professional, we tend to use the style that seems appropriate to the conflict. Managing conflict is a difficult task that we all face, but becoming aware of your own characteristic style could help determine why conflicts result exactly the way they do. It helps determine what is a healthy outcome. Each circumstance is different. Interpersonal conflict is very common with many relationships. It occurs when two people can not meet in the middle or agree on a discussion. Cooperation is key to maintaining a healthy debate. More frequently; when dealing with members of your own family, issues arise that include conflict and resolution. During this process our true conflict management style appears â€Å"out of thin air†. (Steve A. Beebe, 2008, p. 191). Our behavior or conflict style tells a lot about us as humans. It is an important piece of life’s puzzles, and how we go about living a healthy life. Our particular path decides where conflict will lead to, or if it could be resolved quickly with everyone feeling content. However, our non-verbal behavior could indicate when a person is upset or anoid.This is usually related to unmet needs or goals (Steve A. Beebe, 2008, p. 191). I participated in a conflict management style quiz that was created by Reginald Adkins to see what style I followed. The style that I tend to follow is Harmonizing. I did find this a little surprising because I usually stick to my guns. I will debate with just about anyone, especially if I feel that I am right about something (Steve A. Beebe, 2008, p. 204) The characteristics of a harmonizing style indicates that this type of person tends to give into the demands of oth... ...part of my future I could change directions a few more times. However the significance, and the confidence that I have managed to maintain as a stylist and a member of my community, I am certain that I could contribute very positively in the human services field. I am comfortable around the public and have been a shoulder â€Å"to cry on† for years. I try to practice professionalism as expected and develop relationships that I truly appreciate. I am hopeful and anticipate that things will go well for me, my fellow students and with our future clients. Works Cited Hall, J. (1969). Conflict Management Survey. Washington: The Leadership Center at Washington State University. Steve A. Beebe, S. J. (2008). Interpersonal Communication. In A. a. Pearson, Interpersonal Communication, Relating To Others- Fifth Edition. Toronto, Ontario: Pearson Education, Inc.

The Nobel Prize in Chemistry

In 2014, the Nobel Prize in Chemistry was awarded to Eric Betzig and William Moerner who, working separately, laid the foundation for SMLM. In essence, this method relies on the possibility to turn the fluorescence of individual molecules on and off. Scientists image the same area multiple times, allowing only a few interspersed molecules to glow each time. By superimposing these images, a dense super-image can be resolved at the nanolevel. With the development of this technique, Betzig and Moerner were able to overcome Abbe's diffraction limit, allowing for the production of high resolution images that, before SMLM, had not been possible. Towards the end of the nineteenth century, Ernst Abbe and Lord Rayleigh formulated what is commonly known as the â€Å"diffraction limit† for microscopy. Roughly speaking, this limit states that it is impossible to resolve two elements of a structure that are closer to each other than about half the wavelength (?) in the lateral (x, y) plane and even further apart in the longitudinal (z) plane. Another consequence of the same diffraction limit is that it is not possible to focus a laser beam to a spot of smaller dimension than about ?/2. In the case of light (optical) microscopy, an important tool for the imaging of biological structures, this means that two objects within a distance between 400/2 = 200 nm (far blue) and 700/2 = 350 nm (far red) cannot be resolved. Although this is no real limitation for electron microscopy, in which the wavelength is orders of magnitude smaller, this method is very difficult to use on living cells. For instance, the length-scale of the E. coli cell is about 1,000 nm (1 ?m) which is larger than, but of similar magnitude, as the diffraction limit. This explains why, prior to the development of SMLM, it was difficult to image details of the internal structures of living bacteria. Perhaps this may be the reason why bacteria are considered to be â€Å"primitive† organisms with little internal structure. With single-molecule localization, more precise structures of bacteria and other small-scale entities, e.g. individual viruses, can be resolved.In SMLM, the photochemical properties of fluorescent proteins are exploited to induce a weakly emissive or non-emissive â€Å"dark† state. From the dark state, very small populations of fluorophores are returned to an emissive state by shining a weak light pulse that activates only a fraction of the fluorophores present. These fluorophores are excited and detected by glowing until they are bleached, at which point the procedure is repeated on a new subgroup of fluorophores. In order to be identified, however, the emission profile must exhibit minimal overlap in each image. The centroid position of each identified molecule is statistically fitted, often to a Gaussian function, and with a level of precision scaling with the number of detected photons. By imaging and fitting single emitters to a sub-diffraction limited area over thousands of single images, enough data is generated to create a composite reconstruction of all identified emitters. Single-molecule localization is a broad category consisting of specific techniques, such as STORM, PALM, and GSDIM, that operate using the conceptually similar procedure outlined above. The main difference between these types is the exact fluorophore chemistry used to turn the fluorescence of individual molecules on and off. The real breakthrough in single-molecule localization occurred in 2006, when Betzig and colleagues coupled fluorescent proteins to the membrane enveloping the lysosome, the cell's recycling station. By activating only a fraction of the proteins at a time and superimposing the individual images, Betzig ended up with a super-resolution image of the lysosome membrane. Its resolution was far better than Abbe's diffraction limit of 0.2 ?m, a barrier that previous microscopy techniques could not bypass. Since the ground-breaking discovery, SMLM has allowed organelles and single molecules to be resolved with an order of magnitude better resolution (with a localization accuracy of about 10 nm), in multiple color channels, and in 2D as well as 3D. Single-molecule microscopy allows quantification of the number of proteins within biological assemblies and characterization of protein spatial distribution, permitting the determination of protein stoichiometry and distribution in signaling complexes. For instance, for the ?2 adrenergic receptors, SMLM was used to show that the receptors are partially organized in mini-clusters only in cardiomyocytes but not in any other cell lines, and that these oligomers are not lipid raft related but rather depend on actin cytoskeleton integrity. Most importantly, the results of this study were different from those obtained from a similar report which used near-field scanning optical microscopy (NSOM), demonstrating the better precision of SMLM over other techniques. An additional important aspect of SMLM is that it can be used with other imaging techniques to elucidate receptor complex structures. In one study by Nan et al. (2013), the powerful sensitivity of FRET imaging to detect receptor proximity was combined with the capability of SMLM to obtain direct visualization of receptor oligomers in studying RAF, a strategic protein involved in RAS signaling. By means of cluster analysis, Nan and colleagues were able to show how RAF exists between an inactive monomeric state in the cytosol and a multimeric condition at the cell membrane when activated. The results from single-molecule localization confirmed the importance of dimer and oligomer formation in RAF signaling, even though the precise biological role of these different multimeric states is yet to be determined.The better definition of biological structures in the nanometer range as a result of SMLM has had most relevance in the field of neuroscience, where the morphology of neurons composed of dendritic spines and synapses is not suitable for confocal microscopy. For example, Dani et al. (2010) used single-molecule microscopy to image presynaptic and postsynaptic scaffolding proteins in the glomeruli of the mouse olfactory bulb to show distinct punctate patterns that were not resolved by conventional fluorescence imaging. Lastly, the high resolution of SMLM has enabled a deeper understanding of chromosome organization and genome mapping. Wang et al. (2011) determined the distribution of nucleoid-associated proteins in live E. coli cells, while Baday et al. (2012) were able to label 91 out of a total of 107 reference sites on a 180 kb human BAC gene with a 100 bp resolution. DNA mapping with such resolution offers the potential to uncover genetic variance and to facilitate medical diagnosis in genetic diseases. Nonetheless, there are a few challenges that come with single-molecule microscopy, namely errors in detection efficiency and localization uncertainty. Since using fluorescent proteins as labels involves the complications associated with protein expression, errors in this step (e.g. misfolding, incomplete maturation, etc.) can lead to the production of label molecules that are not fluorescent. This can directly affect counting studies, as the number of counted molecules can be underestimated. However, it is possible to use the obtained count (after correcting for blinking artifacts) for the counting. In one study that involved identification of protein complex stoichiometry by counting photobleaching steps, Renz et al. (2012) accounted for errors in detection efficiency using a binomial model, which was found to provide accurate results. Incorporating detection efficiency into a model for the ratio between monomers and dimers can also rectify efficiency errors. In terms of localization uncertainty, each photon from the emitter molecule provides a sample of the point spread function (PSF) from the molecule. Based on these samples, single molecule localization algorithms provide an estimate for the position of the fluorescent molecule. This estimate is prone to uncertainties, especially due to limited sampling (i.e. the limited number of photons obtained from the molecule). By ensuring that the imaged molecules within a frame are spatially separated enough so that the localization algorithms can correctly identify them, however, it is possible to minimize the effect of localization uncertainty on counting measures. Despite its potential shortcomings, single-molecule localization enables high resolution imaging on the scale of nanometers, which defies Abbe's diffraction limit of 0.2 ?m. SMLM has been used to elucidate specific cell structures, as in Betzig's visualization of the lysosome membrane, and receptor complexes, as in the case of RAF. The technique has also been used to refute results of similar studies that used different imaging protocols, as shown when determining the specific location of ?2 adrenergic receptors. Overall, SMLM has ushered in a new era of high resolution imaging that not only allows for accurate insight into individual cell and protein structure, but also enables identification of abnormalities in cellular processes that ultimately manifest as genetic diseases.

A Description Of The Six Principle Of Nonviolence Essays

A Description Of The Six Principle Of Nonviolence Essays A Description of the Six Principle of Nonviolence Martin Luther King Junior, an icon in the civil rights movement, stood for six main principles of nonviolence. The six principles were the guideline and the key to his success in making substantial improvements in the world of segregation and public prejudice. Martin Luther King Junior believed that nonviolence: was a way of life for courageous people, sought way to win friendship and understanding, sought a way to defeat prejudice and not people, held that suffering could educate and transform, chose live instead of hate, and believed that the universe was on the side of fate. These principles will be glanced at in the following paragraphs. Nonviolence is a way of life for courageous people. This statement is simply saying that a man of this belief does not have to resort to violent means, which intern gains him a somewhat higher moral authority regarding the matter. Someone who consistently lashes out physically in disagreement is on a lower moral level, and is quite obviously not making a valid attempt to cure the deficiency. Nonviolence seeks to win friendship and understanding. This says that violence is not progressive, but in fact against progress. Nonviolent means not only express an opinion about an issue, but also do not push relationships backwards. Nonviolent means attempt at friendship, whether successful or not. Nonviolence is not filled with rage, which allows the opposite party to ponder the ideas of the expresser. Nonviolence seeks to defeat injustice, not people. If someone disapproves of something, and they do so nonviolently, there is only room to move forward. On the other hand, however, if someone chooses the easiest way, the way of violence, that not only closes the minds of the opposing person, but acts as a catalyst towards their anger. Nonviolence targets the issue, not the supporting party of that issue. Nonviolence holds that suffering can educate and transform. This is for the good of both parties. In the bus boycotts, everyone suffered. The bus owners, the employers, as well as the boycotters suffered. This eventually taught them all lesson. The blacks learned that their nonviolence was very productive after a year, and the owners and employers learned that they should have been more receptive to the ideas and issues of the blacks. Nonviolence chooses love instead of hate. It is quite clear that striking a man over his opposite view is hate-filled. This would not provide a gateway toward friendship, unlike the way of a nonviolent man. It would only make issues even harder to discuss civilly. Nonviolence believes that the universe is on the side of violence. Dr. King thought that eventually God would prevail in the way of moral value. Even if human laws went against these values, Dr. King thought that good would eventually supercede evil. These brief descriptions of Dr. Martin Luther King Junior?s six principles of nonviolence provide some detail and examples of each principle?s application. Dr. King practiced, as well as preached these six principles up until his death in mid 1968. He was well versed in nonviolence, and was prosecuted many times for his practices. In practicing these six principles, Dr. King did gain much moral authority, and it would seem that he was found to be correct in his principle that stated that the universe was on the side of justice, as we can see today.